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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Christianophobia. (Discuss) |
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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Persecution of Christians. (Discuss) |
| | Christianity Portal |
Anti-Christian sentiment is a real or perceived negative categorical bias against Christians or the religion of Christianity. Anti-Christian sentiment can be held by individuals or groups, and may be the result of fanaticism or bigotry leading to prejudice or discrimination.
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The vandalism or defacement of Christian symbols or property is one form of the expression of anti-Christian sentiment. If the defaced or vandalized object is considered holy by Christians, such as the Bible or the Cross, the case becomes that of desecration. Such destruction may be illegal if it violates property rights or hate crime laws. Arson directed at Christian meeting places or churches, is one such hate crime.Time Magazine Churches are a target for hate crimes because of various motivations, including anti-Christian sentiment.Washington Post article An aggravating factor in the burning of a church in Minnedosa, Manitoba was that two of the arsonists were fans of National Socialist black metal music with anti-Christian themes, according to the Crown.CBC: Minnedosa Fire, 6/28/2006
Some elements of the black metal scene declare open hatred of Christianity. Headliners of the black metal scene have claimed responsibility for inspiring (if not necessarily perpetrating) over 50 arsons directed at Christian churches in Norway from 1992 to 1996Grude, Torstein (Director). (1998, January 1). Satan rir Media [motion picture]. Norway: Grude, Torstein.. Many of the buildings were hundreds of years old, and widely regarded as important historical landmarks. The most notable church was Norway\'s Fantoft stave church, which the police believed was destroyed by the one-man band Burzum, Varg Vikernes, aka "Count Grishnackh". However, Varg would not be convicted of any arson offences, until his arrest for the murder of Øystein Aarseth in 1993. The metal group Deicide, known for their anti-Christian sentiment, released "Once Upon the Cross," composed entirely of anti-Christian songs, including "Kill the Christian." This has caused controversy, not only because of the anti-Christian themes and an image of an autopsy of Jesus on the cover, but also because Ralph Santolla, the band\'s guitarist, is a practicing Roman Catholic.http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=56324
Christianity has a long history in Anatolia, modern-day Turkey; it is often said to have gained status as a world religion when Istanbul (historically known as Constantinople in the English-speaking world) became the world\'s most important Christian city, see also Christendom. Although this would not last, Christians were treated poorly under the Ottoman Empire[citation needed], until its collapse following the first World War[citation needed]. Nationalist passions ran hot, and some paramilitary groups, such as the Young Turks, began to discriminate against, and murder, Christians of Greek, Armenian and Assyrian people. (For further information, see Armenian Genocide, Assyrian Genocide and Pontic Greek Genocide)
In the 14th century Kosovo was conquered by the Ottoman Empire; unlike in most of the empire, Christians (mainly Serbs) have been routinely persecuted,[citation needed] mainly by Albanians,[citation needed] who for the most part converted to Islam. This long-standing rivalry escalated into the Kosovo war.[citation needed]Kemal Timur, a convert from Islam to Christianity, was detained in May 1999 for distributing Christian Bibles on the street. While in police custody, Timur allegedly called Muhammed a "sorcerer," violating Turkey\'s blasphemy laws. The charge carries a sentence of up to a year in jail, however, in this case the court dropped the charges.Turkish Christian Asquitted Of Slander Charges, John Mark Ministries, June 27, 1999
Recent wave of anti-conversion laws in various Indian states passed by some states is actually seen as gradual and continuous institutionalization of Hindutva.TOI on International Religious Freedom Report 2003, released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labour of the US State Department Some extremist Hindu groups accuse Christian missionaries of using inducements such as schooling to lure poor people to the faith, and have also launched movements to reconvert many tribal Christians back to Hinduism.
Most of the Anti Conversion laws are brief and leave a lot of ambiguity, which can be mis-used for inflicting persecution. Legal experts believe that both conversion activities and willful trespass by missionaries upon the sacred spaces of other faiths can be prosecuted under Section 295A of the Indian Penal Code, and as such there is no need for anti-conversion laws by individual states and they should be repealed. A consolidation of various Anti-Conversion or "Freedom of Religion" Laws has been done by the All Indian Christian Council.Laws & Policies. All India Christian Council.
In the past, several Indian states passed anti-conversion bills primarily to preventing people from converting to Christianity. Arunachal Pradesh passed a bill in 1978. In 2003, Gujarat State, after religious riots in 2002 (see 2002 Gujarat violence), passed an anti-conversion bill in 2003.
In July, 2006, Madhya Pradesh government passed legislation requiring people who desire to convert to a different religion to provide the government with one-month\'s notice, or face fines and penalties.Conversions harder in India state 26/07/2006
In August, 2006, the Chhattisgarh State Assembly passed similar legislation requiring anyone who desires to convert to another religion to give 30 days\' notice to, and seek permission from, the district magistrate.Christian anger at conversion law 04/08/2006
In February, 2007, Himachal Pradesh became the first Congress Party ruled state to adopt legislation banning illegal religious conversions.WorldWide Religious News-Himachal enforces anti-conversion law
Hindu extremist attacks against Christians, especially in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Orissa, have occurred in recent years in response to missionary activity by evangelical Christians.Another attack in Orissa According to a report by the Center for Religious Freedom the attacks include the murder of missionaries and priests, the sexual assault of nuns, the ransacking of churches, convents and other Christian institutions.The Rise of Hindu Extremism and the Repression of Christian and Muslim minorities in India, A Report by Center for Religious Freedom, 2003 Graham Staines, an Australian missionary, and his 2 children were burnt to death by a mob led by Dara Singh who had previously been involved in the cow protection movement and had earlier targeted Muslim cattle traders. He and his associates in the crime were active sympathisers of Hindu nationalist groups. The 2007 Orissa Violence again witnessed the persecution of Indian Christians by Hindu Extremists. The attacks were targetted by Vishwa Hindu Parishad and other Hindutva groups at Christian community in retaliation to the conversion of Hindus to Christianity. According to careful estimates, at least 70 churches and 600 houses were attacked and torched by Hindu extremists.Fact Finding Teams Tell of Unprecedented Anti-Christian Violence in Orissa. ASSIST News Service. 30 December 2007 Human rights groups consider the violence as the failure of the state government that did not address the problem before it became violent. The authorities failed to to react quickly enough to save human lives and propertyIndia: Stop Hindu-Christian Violence in Orissa. Human Rights Watch
The ruling Communist Party maintains tight control over all religions in China.
Christianity was banned for a century in China by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, after the Pope forbade Chinese Catholics from venerating their relatives or Confucius.Mr. Ye Xiaowen, China\'s Religions Retrospect and Prospect, Hong Kong, 19 February 2001
Christians of various denominations, including Ann Coulter and Jerry Falwell, claim that American society and the United States government discriminate against Christians, despite the fact that Christians comprise 78.4%The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. "U.S. Religious Landscape Survey 2008". Accessed 2008-03-01. of American society and the vast majority of members of the United States government. Examples given by these commentators include:
| Discrimination | |
|---|---|
General forms | |
| Ageism · Racism · Religious intolerance · Sexism · Xenophobia | |
Specific forms | |
| Social | Ableism · Adultism · Biphobia · Classism · Elitism · Gerontophobia · Heightism · Heterosexism · Homophobia · Lesbophobia · Lookism · Misandry · Misogyny · Sizeism · Transphobia |
| Against cultures | American · Arab · Armenian · Australian · Canadian · Catalan · Chinese · English · European · French · German · Indian · Iranian · Irish · Italian · Japanese · Jewish · Malay · Mexican · Polish · Portuguese · Quebec · Roma · Romanian · Russian · Scottish · Serb · Spanish · Turkish |
| Against religions | Bahá\'í · Catholicism · Christianity · Hinduism · Judaism · Mormonism · Islam · Protestantism · New religious movements |
Manifestations | |
| Blood libel · Ephebiphobia · Ethnic cleansing · Ethnocide · Gay bashing · Genocide (examples) · Hate crime · Hate speech · Lynching · Paternalism · Pogrom · Race war · Racial profiling · Religious persecution · Slavery · Police brutality | |
Movements | |
| Discriminatory | American Nazi Party · Aryanism · Grey Wolves · Hate groups · Kahanism · Ku Klux Klan · Neo-Nazism · South African National Party · Supremacism |
| Anti-discriminatory | Abolitionism · Autistic rights · Children\'s rights · Civil rights · Disability rights (Inclusion) · Feminism · LGBT rights · Masculism · Men\'sTemplate:\w Fathers\' rights · Women\'sTemplate:\w Universal suffrage · Youth rights · Equalism |
Policies | |
| Discriminatory | Apartheid · Internment · RaceTemplate:\wReligionTemplate:\w Sex segregation · Redlining |
| Anti-discriminatory | Civil rights · Desegregation · Emancipation · Integration · Equal opportunity |
| Counter-discriminatory | Affirmative action · Forced busing · Racial quota · Reparation · Reservation (India) · Employment equity (Canada) |
Law | |
| Discriminatory | Alien and Sedition Acts · Anti-immigration · Anti-miscegenation · Apartheid laws · Black codes · Jim Crow laws · Nuremberg Laws · Ethnocracy |
| Anti-discriminatory | Anti-discrimination acts · Anti-discrimination law · 14th Amendment · Crime of apartheid |
Other forms | |
| Androcentrism · Adultcentrism · Colorism · Cronyism · Economic · Ethnocentrism · Gynocentrism · Linguicism · Nepotism · Triumphalism | |
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